Important clinical notes

• Repeat an unexpected PSA and consider confounders such as infection, recent ejaculation and instrumentation.
• Choose biopsy route, antibiotic prophylaxis and sampling strategy according to local protocol and current guidelines.
• After a previous negative biopsy, integrate current MRI findings, PSA density and clinical risk rather than relying on one parameter.
• This calculator supports clinical decision-making and does not replace specialist judgement.

Prepared by Dr. Mohit Sharma, MCh Urology, UROWALA.